Polymeric surfactants are surface-active polymers with molecular weights ranging from thousands to tens of thousands. Their molecular structure typically contains multiple hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments arranged in specific configurations such as block or graft copolymers, enabling the formation of thicker and more stable adsorption layers at interfaces. While exhibiting relatively limited surface tension reduction capability, these surfactants demonstrate exceptional dispersing, emulsifying and thickening properties through unique steric stabilization mechanisms. Major categories include block copolymers, graft copolymers, and hydrophobically modified water-soluble polymers. They are widely used in coatings and inks, nanomaterial synthesis, petroleum recovery, drug delivery, and food industry applications, where they enable the creation of long-term stable colloidal systems and maintain superior performance under extreme conditions, making them crucial additives for high-performance materials.