Amphoteric surfactants are a unique class of surface-active agents containing both positive and negative charge groups within the same molecule. Their molecular structure typically combines anionic groups such as carboxylate or sulfonate with cationic groups like amino or quaternary ammonium groups. This distinctive structure enables unique pH-dependent charge characteristics: displaying cationic properties in acidic media, anionic properties in alkaline conditions, and zwitterionic structure near the isoelectric point. These surfactants exhibit extremely low skin irritation, excellent biodegradability, outstanding hard water resistance, and remarkable compatibility with all surfactant classes. Major varieties include betaines, amino acid-based types, and imidazoline derivatives, widely employed in baby care products, premium cosmetics, personal cleansers, and specialty cleaning formulations. Their mild characteristics make them essential components in low-irritancy formulations.